About the Faculty of Pharmacy and Division of Medical Analytics Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University
The history of academic pharmacy in Cracow began in 1783 when the Department of Pharmacy and Medical Matters was created. The chair was awarded to Jan Szaster, a pharmacist and doctor of medical science. The course of studies initially covered two years, and the first graduation diploma was granted in 1797.
Thanks to involvement of Sawiczewski during the years 1833-1850, the program of studies was extended to three years.
The abolition of Jagiellonian University autonomy in 1853 affected the standard of education in pharmacy. The curriculum was limited to two years.
The end of World War and the creation of a newly independent Poland brought with it new hopes for the further development of pharmacy. A Pharmaceutical Department within the Philosophy Department was created, with the professor of chemistry Karol Dziewonski as a Chair. The expanded three-year course was filled with new disciplines like chemical technology, applied pharmacy, and physical chemistry. In 1923 a new department of Applied Pharmacy was established. It was administrated by professor Marek Gatty-Kostyal.
The period of Nazi occupation interrupted the academic activities of Jagiellonian University. The Chairman of Pharmacy prof. Marek Gatty-Kostyal was arrested by the Gestapo in 1939. In 1942 an the Pharmaceutical Department of underground university with 121 students was organised. In 1947 an independent Department of Pharmacy of Jagiellonian University was created.
In 1949 the Faculty of Pharmacy was included in the Academy of Medicine, thus separating it from Jagiellonian University. In 1957 a five-year curriculum of pharmaceutical education was introduced. The Division of Medical Analysis was created within the Faculty of Pharmacy in 1977.
Since 1993, Pharmacy has been taught in the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University.
The research activity of the Faculty concerns two fundamental subjects: synthetic medicines and plant medicines. Issues covered include the synthesis of substances and the isolation of plant compounds and elucidation of their chemical structures, the assessment of pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, biochemical, toxicological and analytical research, and the technology of the forms of medications.
The Programme of Studies
1st Year
Biology and Bases of Genetic
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 30 hours,
Practice 30 hours
Principles of Mathematics
Lecture 15 hours,
Practice 30 hours
Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
Lecture 75 hours,
Seminar 30 hours,
Practice 240 hours
Organic Chemistry
Lecture 45 hours,
Seminar 45 hours,
Practice 48
Latin (obligatory for student who has not Latin in secondary school)
Course 60 hours
English (beginner and advanced group)
Course 60 hours
Physical Education
Practice 60 hours
Pharmaceutical Botany
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 15 hours,
Practice (including excursion) 75 hours
Computer Science
Lecture 15 hours,
Practice 30 hours
2nd Year
Organic Chemistry
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 45 hours,
Practice 72 hours
Propaedeutics of Pharmacy
Lecture 1 hour
Physiology
Lecture 45 hours,
Seminar 30 hours,
Practice 30 hours
Anatomy
Practice 30 hours
Physical Pharmacy
Lecture 30 hours,
Seminar 30 hours,
Practice 60 hours
History of Philosophy
Lecture 30 hours,
Practice 30 hours
English (beginner and advanced group)
Course 60 hours
Physical Education
Practice 30 hours
Biochemistry
Lecture 60 hours,
Practice 45 hours
Pharmacognosy
Lecture 15 hours,
Practice 30 hours
3rd Year
Pharmacognosy
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 15 hours,
Practice 30 hours
Hygiene and Epidemiology
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 15 hours
Microbiology
Lecture 30 hours,
Practice 75 hours
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Lecture 90 hours,
Practice 165 hours
Pathophysiology
Lecture 30 hours,
Seminar 30 hours.
Practice 15 hours
Classical Education
Lecture 20 hours,
Practice 40 hours
Foreign Language
Course 60 hours
Physical Education
Practice 30 hours
Pharmacokinetics
Lecture 10 hours,
Practice 20 hours
Technology of Drug
Lecture 30 hours,
Practice 120 hours
Pharmacodynamics
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 10 hours,
Practice 20 hours
1 month training in open pharmacy
4th Year
Technology of Drug
Lecture 30 hours,
Practice 80 hours
Bromatology
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 15 hours,
Practice 45 hours
Toxicology
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 15 hours,
Practice 90 hours
Pharmacodynamics
Lecture 75 hours,
Seminar 40 hours,
Practice 90 hours
Synthesis and Technology of Drug
Lecture 4 hours,
Seminar 26 hours,
Practice 45 hours
Pharmaceutical Ethics
Practice 15 hours
Foreign Language
Course 60 hours
Optional
Pharmaceutical Biochemistry
Lecture 15 hours
Methods of Searching Bioactive Substances
Lecture 10 hours,
Practice 5 hour
Basis of Resuscitation
Seminar 10 hours,
Practice 10 hours
Statistics
Seminar 30 hours
1 month training in hospital pharmacy
5th Year
Natural Drug
Lecture 10 hours,
Seminar 20 hours
History of Pharmacy
Lecture 30 hours
Biopharmacy
Lecture 30 hours,
Seminar 30 hours
Legislation, Organisation and Economical Pharmacy
Lecture 15 hours,
Seminar 20 hours,
Practice 10 hours
Catastrophe Medicine and Relief
Lecture 38 hours,
Seminar 16 hours,
Practice 6 hours
Specialisation Pharmaceutical
Technology of Drug
Lecture 30 hours,
Practice 80 hours
Training in Pharmacy 60 hours
Some Aspects of Pharmacotherapy
Seminar 15 hours
Drug Information
Seminar 15 hours
Specialisation Clinical Pharmacy
Training in Pharmacy 60 hours
Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Seminar 30 hours,
Practice 90 hours,
Drug Information
Seminar 15 hours,
Practice 15 hours,
Final work 375 hour (each specialisation)
Selected Academic Publications
BRAIN COPPER LEVELS AFTER ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATEMENT
Schiegel - Zawadzka M., Kros'rnak M., Nowak G.
Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, vol.5, 1998, 703-708
The copper-zinc interaction plays a role in nutrition and diseases since the two species have similar electronic configurations and ionic sizes. Pharmacological doses of zinc can produce human copper deficiency and its clinical consequences: anaemia, leukopenia and neutropenia. The results of our studies and those by other authors indicate a significant role of zinc homeostasis in depression and in the mechanism of antidepressant therapy. The possible role of copper is not well recognised. We have studied the effect of chronic treatment with imipramine and with citalopram on the brain copper level in rats.
A GERMACRADIENE GLYCOSIDE FROM ROOTS OF PIMP INELLA SAXIFRA GA
Kisiel W., Janeczko Z., Zgud - Walaszek M.
Phytochemistry vol.49, No.7, pp.2031-2033, 1998
A new germacradiene glycoside was found to occur in the roots of Pimpinella saxifraga. The structure of its acetylation product was determined by spectroscopic methods, including
2D NMR techniques.
THEOPHYLLINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL
HISTAMINE H3-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
Kiec' - Kononowicz K., Ce~a M. T.
Pharmazie 53, 1998, 8
Previous results of histamine H3-receptor investigations allowed to formulate a general structure of H3-receptor antagonists. According to this model a series of compounds were obtained. As heterocycles they contained a theophylline moiety connected with a polar group (amine, ester, amide and thiourea function) via an alkyl chain linked by a spacer to a lipophilic residue. The common distance between xanthine moiety and lipophilic rest was a six-link-chain. Selected compounds did not show significant H3-receptor antagonist activity and were weak antagonists at histamine H1-receptors.
ISOPARAXANTHINE ANALOGS (1,7- AND 1,9-
SUBSTITUTED XANTHINE DERIVATIVES)
Muller Ch. E., Deters D., Dominik A., Pawlowski M.
Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 1998, 1428-1436
A general, convenient method for the preparation of 1,7- and
1 ,9-disubstituted xanthine derivatives (paraxanthine and
isoparaxanthine analogs) was developed starting from 6-
amino-2-methoxypirimidine-4-one Alkylation with alkyl
halides in acetone/potassium carbonate in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) yielded an equimolar mixture of
N3- and 04 - alkylated products, which could be separated by dry column chromatography. The N3-alkylated uracil derivatives were converted to a corresponding 1 -alkyl-2-methoxypurin-6-ones by standard procedures. PTC alkylation yielded an equimolar mixture of 7- and 9-alkylated isomers, which were again conveniently separated by dry column chromatography. The title compounds were obtained after acid hydrolysis of the 2-methoxy group in satisfactory yields.
AMINOALKANdLIC DERIVATIVES Of~ XANTHONE WITH POTENTIAL ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY
Marona H., G6rka Z., Szneler E.
Pharmazie 53, 1998, 4
Synthesis, physicochemical and anticonvulsant properties of some aminoisopropanoloxy derivatives of 2-xanthone are described. The compounds were prepared by the amination of 2- [(2,3 -epoxy)-propoxylJ~xanthone or 2-(3 -chloro-2-hydroxy~ propoxy)-xanthone. The obtained compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock (MES)- and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scMet)-induced seizures and for neurotoxicity in the rotorod test in mice and rats. The most promising compounds seem to be the 3-(tert. -butyl-amino) (3), 3-~-methyl-(tert. -butyl)-amino] (12) and 3-[4-(benzyl) 1 -piperazinyl (5) substituted 2-hydroxy- 1 -(2-xanthonoxy)-propane from which 3 and 5 were active in both the anticonvulsant tests. The protective index (TD5O/ED5O) in MES in mice for 3 and valproate, as for 12 and phenytoin or carbamazepine, is similar.
IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF TRITERPENE SAPONOSIDES AND QUINOID
PIGMENTS FROM LYSIMACHM VULGARIS L.
Authors Podolak I., Elas M., Cieszka K.
Journal Phytotherapy Research, vol.12, s70-s73, 1998
Summary Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Primu/aceae) has been used in folk
medicine of Europe and Asia in the treatment of fever, ulcers,
diarrhoea and as analgesic and antunflammatory agent. From the underground parts of the plant a benzoquinone pigment and triterpene saponosides were isolated. Cytotoxic and anti flingal activity of these compounds were tested in vitro against human and mouse melanoma cells and the yeast Candida albicans respectively. The results showed that saponoside B exerted cytotoxicity especially towards human melanoma cells. The pigment was more active as an antifungal agent.
IODINE DEFICIENCY IN CATTLE: COMPENSATORY CHANGES IN THYROIDAL SELENOENZYMES
Zagrodzki P., Nicol F., Mc Coy M. A., Smyth J. A., Kennedy
D. G., Beckett G. J., Arthur 3. R.
Research in Veterinary Science, 1998, 64, 209-211
The trace elements selenium and iodine are both essential for normal thyroid metabolism. To investigate the relationship between these functions, heifers we maintained on iodine-deficient or iodine-sufficient diets from mid pregnancy to term. In these heifers and their offspring the interrelationship between iodine and selenium was apparent with the preferential 10- to 12-fold induction of the selenoenzyme, thyroidal type I, selenium-containing iodothyronine deiodinase activity by iodine deficiency. This was accompanied by two- to four-fold increase in cytosolic glutathione peroxidase activity, probably reflecting increased oxidative activity and metabolism in the thyroid gland in response to iodine deficiency. The above selenoenzyme activities were not affected in liver, kidney, pituitary and brain by iodine deficiency. The results are consistent with a critical role for selenium in both the normal function of cattle thyroid and key enzymes to compensate for the effects of iodine deficiency.
EVALUATION OF SOME 2-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF XANTHONE FOR ANTICONVULSANT PROPERTIES
Marona H.
Pharmazie 53, 1998, 6
A series of alkanolamides and alkanoamines derivatives of xanthone were prepared and evaluated for antiepileptic activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold (ScMet) assays and for neurotoxicity (TOX). Several analogues form the appropriate alkanolamines were found to be active in both the anticonvulsant tests. Most interesting were the anticonvulsant results of the appropriate 2-amino- or 2-N-methylamino- 1 -
butanol derivatives of 7-chloroxanthone 8-11, which displayed anti-MES activity with a protective index (TD5O/ED5O) in the range 2.84-3.62 for 8-11 corresponding with that for phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate.
DETERMINATION OF HYDROPHOBICITY OF SOME N-ALKYL DERIVATIVES OF 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE BY REVERSED-PHASE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Kepczyn'ska E., Bojarski J., Bojarski A.J.
Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 43, 575, 1998
Hydrophobic properties of 29 N-akyl derivatives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline were assessed by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and the results were correlated with theoretically calculated partition coefficients and affinities at 5-HTlA receptors.
STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY STUDIES OF GLYCINE RECEPTOR LIGANDS, PART 3: STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION OF ETHYL-N- [(5 ,5-DIPHENYL)-4-OXO-2-IMIDAZOLIDYL]GLYCINATE
Karolak-Wojciechowska 3., Mrozek A., Kwiatkowski W., Ksi4zek W., Kiec'-Kononowicz K., Handzlik 3.
Journal of Molecular Structure 447, 1998, 89-96
As part of our investigation of compounds with potential affinity to the glycine binding site of MNDA receptors the structure of ethyl-N-[(5,5-diphenyl)-4-oxo-2-imidazolidyliglycinate is reported: C19H 19N 30 3; orthorombic; P2i2i2i; a=10.273(2), b=l0.309(2), c=16.721(3) A; V-i 770.8(6) A3; Z=4; ~CuK~)=l.54178 A; ~--0.7l mm~1, final R=0.053 for the amino ester chain and their impact on the binding to the glycine binding site of MNDA receptors are discussed.
ON CONTINUITY OF INTEGRATION METHODS FOR AUC. ANOTE
Jawien' W.
Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharrnaceutics, Vol.26, No.1, 1998
A lack of monotoni city and discontinuity of some integration methods for AUC, as a function of measured concentration, is demonstrated. Hybrid methods consisting of either parabolas-through-the-origin or the ~-function method followed by the log-trapezoidal method were found to be discontinuous at the switching point. the stable piecewise third-over polynomial method appeared to be nonmonotonic as well as discontinuous.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF
SOME 2-N-(PHTHALIMIDO)- 1 -ALKYL ESTERS
Marona H., Kiec'-Kononowicz K.
Pharmazie 53, 1998, 9
Synthesis and physicochemical properties of new 2-N-(phthalimido)- 1 -alkyl esters are described. Esters were synthesized from aromatic and heterocyclic acids with appropriate bromoalkyl phthalimides in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5 ,4,0]-undec-7-ene or triethylamine. The obtained compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. The display protection against MSE and ScMet-induced seizures.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF 5-CHLOROARYLIDENE AROMATIC DERIVATIVES OF IMIDAZOLINE-4-ONE
Kiec'-Kononowicz K., Szyman'ska E., Motyl M., Holzer W., Bialecka A., Kasprowicz A.
Pharmazie 53, 1998,10
The synthesis of new chlorobenzylidene substituted derivatives of hydantoin and their antimicrobial activity is reported. The structure-activity relationship showed that the antibacterial effect of investigated compounds depends on the distance of the phenyl ring from the amine residue and the kind of substitutes on the phenyl ring. In the investigated group of derivatives, 5-(2-chlorobezylidene)-2-(4-fluorobenzylamine)-imidazoline-4-one and 5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-2-(2-phenylethylamine)-imidazoline-4-one showed the bets antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis.
SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Garrouste P., Pawlowski M., Tonnaire T., Sicsic S., Dumy P., de Rosny E., Reboud-Ravaux M., Fulcrand P., Martinez J. Eur. J.
Med. Chem. 1998, 33, 423-436
We report here the synthesis and activity of HIV protease inhibitors. In the first stage hydrophobic compounds incorporating a 'carba' bond surrogate or a beta-homologated residue were synthesized. Secondly, we synthesized cyclic compounds in which we incorporated 2-quinoline carboxylic acid in the P3 position and the amino-hydroxyindane moiety in the P'3. The last part of this work was dedicated to a structure/activity study of a peptide substrate. These modifications allowed us to work up the synthesis of new pseudopeptide bonds: amino-amide and hydroxy-amide. Com~ounds with activity in the micromolar range were
actually a starting point for the synthesis of new protease inhibitors.
VANADIUM LEVELS IN FRENCH AND CALIFORNIAN
WINES: INFLUENCE ON VANADIUM DIETARY
INTAKE
Teissedre P. L., Krosniak M., Portet K., Gasc F., Waterhouse
A. L., Serrano 3.3., Cabanis 3. C., Cros G.
Food Additives and Contaminants, 1998, vol.15, 585-591
An accurate and reproducible method for direct determination of vanadium (V) in wine using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is described. A total of 68 wine samples from different regions of France and California were analysed. Vanadium levels ranged from 7.0 to 90.0 ~g/l in red and from 6.6 to 43.9 ~g/l in white wines. The contribution of wine consumption to daily vanadium dietary intake of the French population was estimated to be 11 ~g/day per individual.
LEAD AND CADMIUM IN THE HAIR AND BLOOD OF CHILDREN FROM A HIGHLY INDUSTRIAL AREA IN POLAND
Chlopicka 3., Zachwieja Z., Zagrodzki P., Frydrych 3., Slota P., Kros'rnak M.
Biological Trace Elements Research, 62, 229-234, 1998
The study covered the children living in Miasteczko Slaskie, near the largest Zn plant in Poland. This is the one of the areas highly contaminated with heavy metals. The subjects were 158 children aged from 8 to 15 (98 boys and 60 girls). The average Pb and Cd levels in the hair of the entire children population was 8.21+5.59 ~g/g, and 0.91+0.61 ~g/g, and the average Pb and Cd levels in their blood were 14.32 +3.98 and 0.52+0.24 ~g/dL , respectively. A correlation between the concentrations of these metals in the studied materials was confirmed.
NPY Y1 ANTAGONISTS: STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ARGININE DERIVATIVES AND HYBRID COMPOUNDS WITH ARPROMIDINE-LIKE STRUCTURES
Aiglstorfer I., Uffrecht A., Gessele K., Moser C., Schuster A., Merz S., Malawska B., Bernhardt G., Dove S., Buschauer A.
Regulatory peptides (Special Issue ,,NPY") 75-76, 9-21, 1998
Hybrid compounds were syntesized combining the argininamides backbone of BIBP 3226 (compound with high NPY Y1 receptor affinity and selectivity) or partial structures derived from the C-terminal dipeptide of NPY with
characteristic substructures of arpromidine- or amide-type NPY antagonists. SAR study indicated the role of two basic groups, the role of the OH group and supporting the model proposed for the interaction of BIBP 3226 with the Y1 receptor.
DETERMINATION OF THE LIPOPHILICITY OF SOME N-SUBSTITUTED AMIDES OF ~-PIPERAZINE-y-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID
Maawska B.
J. PlanarChromatogr. 11,137-140,1998
The lipophilicities of sixteen N-substituted amides of a piperazine~y~hydroxybutyflc acid have been determined by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography with a mixture of methanol, TRIS buffer, and the acetic acid as the solvent system. The partition coefficients (log P) of amides were calculated by use of the Prolog P module of the Pallas system. Comparison of RMO and log P enabled calculation of clog P values.
EFFECT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE ELIMINATION KINETICS OF PYRENE AND THE URINARY EXCRETION PROFILE OF 1-HYDROXYPYRENE IN THE RAT
Lipniak-Gawlik M.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 55:503-516, 1998
The elimination kinetics of pyrene in rats after intravenously coadministration with fluoranthene and benz[a]anthracene were studied. The toxicokinetic parameters were determined. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion was analysed after pretreatment with some PAHs. Most compounds examined caused a changes in toxicokinetic of pyrene and the urinary excretion of the metabolite of pyrene.
STARVATION AND HIGH-FAT DIET INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF SPECIFIC PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE KINASE ISOENSYMES IN RAT LIVER AND SKELETAL MUSCLE
Wu P., Jas'kiewicz J., Inskeep K., Sato J., Popov K. M., Harris R. A.
The Faseb Journal, abstract 575, vol.12,8, 1998
The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is regulated by phosphorylation in a tissue specific manner by four different pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoenzymes. Unique tissue distribution and kinetic characteristics of these kinases provide tissue-specific regulation of the complex. This study investigated whether metabolic conditions known to alter the activity and phosphorylation state of the PDH complex have specific effects upon the expression levels of PDK isoenzymes in rat liver and skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius). Immunoblot analysis revealed marked increases in the amount of PDK4 in skeletal muscle and of both PDK2 and PDK4 in liver of starved rats. Refeeding starved rats reversed these increases in PDK isoenzymes amounts. Starvation likewise increase the abundance of PDK4 mRNA in skeletal muscle and the abundance of both PDK2 and PDK4 mRNA in liver. Refeeding was again effective in reversing these changes. Pronounced increase of PDK4 protein and message level were also found in skeletal muscle but not in the liver of rats fed a high-fat diet. Thus, starvation and high-fat diet induce tissue-specific overexpression of PDK isoenzymes that leads to greater PDK activity, increased phosphorylation and therefore lower activity of the PDH complex. These findings indicate that regulation of expression of PDK isoenzyme is an important control mechanism for long-term control of the activity of the PDH complex in rat liver and skeletal muscle.
STARVATION AND DIABETS INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE KINASE ISOENZYME 4 IN RAT HEART
Wu P., Sato J., Zhao Y., Jas'kiewicz 3., Popov K. M., Harris R.
Biochem. 3., 1998, 329, 197-201
This study investigated whether conditions known to alter the activity and phosphorylation state of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex have specific effects of the levels of the isoenzymes of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) in rat heart. Immunoblot analysis revealed a remarkable increase in the amount of PDK4 in the hearts of rats that had been starved or rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Refeeding of starved rats and insulin treatment of diabetic rats very effectively reversed the increase in PDK4 protein and restored PDK enzyme activity to levels of chow-fed control rats. Starvation and diabetes also markedly increased the abundance of PDK4 mRNA, and refeeding and insulin treatment reduced levels of the message to that of controls. In contrast with the findings for PDK4, little or no changes in the amounts of PDK1 and PDK2 protein and the abundance of their messages occurred in response to starvation and diabetes on heart PDK activity. The results indicate that control of the amount of PDK4 is important in long-term regulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in rat heart.
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