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EuroEducation.net The European Education Directory |
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Structure of Educational System Admissions to Higher Education and Recognition of Foreign Credentials Student Life International Cooperation and Exchanges |
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INSTITUTION TYPES & CREDENTIALS Types of higher education
institutions: Universitate
(University) Academie (Academy) Universitate Tehnică
(Technical university) Institut (Institute) Colegiu (College) School leaving and higher education
credentials: Diplomă de
Bacalaureat Tehnician Subinginer Bachelor Diploma Diplomă de Stat Examen de Stat Diploma de Arhitect Diplomă de
Doctor-Medic Diplomă de Inginer Diplomă de Licenţă Professional Title Diplomă de Absolvire
a Şcolii Post-Universitare Diplomă de Master Diplomă de Studii
aprofundate Diplomă de Doctor STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM Pre-higher
education: Duration
of compulsory education: Age of
entry: 7 Age of
exit: 15 Structure of school system: Primary Type of
school providing this education: Şcoala Primară Length
of program in years: 4 Age level from: 7 to: 11 Lower Secondary Type of
school providing this education: Gimnaziu Length
of program in years: 4 Age
level from: 11 to: 15 Certificate/diploma awarded: Certificat de
Capacitate Upper Secondary Type of
school providing this education: Liceu Length
of program in years: 4 Age
level from: 15 to: 19 Certificate/diploma awarded: Diploma de
Bacalaureat Vocational Type of
school providing this education: Şcoala Profesională Length
of program in years: 2 Age
level from: 15 to: 17 Certificate/diploma awarded: Certificat de
Absolvire Vocational Type of
school providing this education: Liceu de Specialitate Length
of program in years: 4 Age
level from: 15 to: 19 Certificate/diploma awarded: Diploma de
Bacalaureat + (Atestat) de (Vocational Certificate) Specialized
Tech./Voc. Type of
school providing this education: Şcoala Post-Liceală Length
of program in years: 3 Age
level from: 19 to: 22 Certificate/diploma
awarded: Diploma de Absolvire a şcolii Post-Liceale de Specialitate School
education: Primary education lasts for
four years. It is followed by four years of lower secondary education leading
to the Certificat de Capacitate. Upper secondary school education is organized
as a second cycle of education (grades 9 through 12 or 9 through 13). The
system comprises the following units of secondary school education: liceu,
liceu de specialitate, şcoală profesională and scoală post-liceu. As for the
duration of studies, it is adapted to the type of secondary school (academic
secondary school, industrial, agricultural, economic and administrative
secondary school, normal schools: 9-12; Forestry, Fine Arts, Sports, Cybernetics
and Metrology: 9-13) or the form of education (academic secondary school and
industrial, agricultural, economic and administrative secondary school evening
classes: 9-13). Graduates obtain the Diploma de Bacalaureat which gives access
to higher education. Graduates from şcoala profesională obtain a Certificat de
Absolvire. They do not have the right to apply for higher education programmes.
Studies at şcoala post liceu lasts for one to three years. Higher
education: Higher education in Romania is
offered in both public and private higher education institutions. These include
universities, academies, politechnics, institutes and colleges, organized in
specialized departments. In accordance with its objectives, university
education comprises: short university education carried out in university
colleges (3 years), long university education (duration 4 to 6 years) and
postgraduate university education (duration 1 to 2 years). Public higher
education institutions are coordinated by the Ministry of Education and
Research. University autonomy is fully guaranteed. Private higher education is
an alternative to public education. It is subject to an accreditation process.
Accredited private institutions may obtain state support. Main
laws/decrees governing higher education: Decree: Government Decision no 37/1999
concerning doctoral studies Year: 1999 Decree: Law no. 88/1993 on
Accreditation of H. Ed. Institutions & Recognition of Diplomas modified
144/1999 Year: 1999 Concerns: All higher education
institutions Decree: Law on Education no.
84/1995 modified 151/1999 Year: 1999 Concerns:
All
higher education institutions Academic
year: Classes
from: Oct to: Jun Long
vacation from: 15 Jul to: 1 Oct Languages
of instruction: Romanian Stages
of studies: University level studies: University
level first stage: First stage: The first stage of university-level study
comprises short-term university education carried out in university colleges
(duration 3 years) or long-term university education (duration 4 to 6 years,
according to the profile). Short-term university education is organized
separately or for the first two years as an integral part of the long-term
university education. Short-term university education leads to the Diploma de
Absolvire. Long-term university education leads either to a Diploma paper and a
Certificat de Absolvire, or to a Diploma paper and 2 or 3 licence examinations,
and the Diploma de Licenţă. University
level second stage: Further studies or post-graduate academic studies: Education for further studies are of 1 - 2 years'
duration, full-time only. It may only be attended by graduates with a
graduation Diploma and with good results. Holders of a first degree may either
continue their training by taking a one- or two-year Master programme (which
leads to an examination and the Diploma de Studii Aprofundate), or take
specialist programmes the length of which may vary according to the field of
study, but may not be less than one year (leading to an examination and the Diploma
de Absolvire). University
level third stage: Doctoral Studies: The Doctorate in
Romania is the highest postgraduate stage of professional specialization,
lasting for 4 - 6 years. There is only one type of Doctorate, which is
comparable to the PhD. Doctorate studies can be carried out either in full-time
courses (up to four years) or in extra-mural courses (up to six years).
Extra-mural courses can be also organised in main foreign languages. Candidates
who have passed the examination for the Doctor's Degree (Doctorate) are awarded
the Diploma de Doctor în ştiinţe. Teacher education: Training
of pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers Pre-primary teachers (educatori or tutori) and
primary school teachers (învăţători) are trained in teachers' post-secondary
schools or in teachers' colleges. They are trained to teach subjects such as
Foreign Languages, Music and Drawing or Physical Education in lower secondary
school. The length of teachers' training programmes is two years for
post-secondary school graduates, and three years for university colleges. Training
of secondary school teachers Secondary-school teachers for lower secondary,
vocational, secondary and post-secondary education (instructori and profesori)
are trained for two to three years, respectively, for four to six years in
universities, academies and institutes, the former being known as university
colleges, while the latter train the rest of the teaching staff. Training
of higher education teachers Higher education
teachers (preparatori, lectori asistenţi, lectori conferentiari, profesori
asociaţi, profesori, şi profesori consultanţi) are appointed on a competitive
basis from among graduates of higher education institutions who have
demonstrated outstanding teaching and research qualities. Most candidates
seeking positions as teachers in higher education are engaged in or have
completed doctoral studies. Possession of a Doctor's Degree is compulsory for
senior appointments such as confentiari and profesori. Lectori should at least
be Ph.D. candidates. Non-traditional studies: Distance
higher education A National Centre for Open Distance Education has
been created with branches in 8 main university centres and has the full
support of 12 universities within the PHARE Programme for Multi-Country
Cooperation for Distance Education. Lifelong
higher education Ministries, national authorities, commercial
companies or other legal entities run, jointly with education units or
separately, adult training and refresher programmes to improve qualifications
of their present or future employees, or re-train them. Such programmes are not
certified by the Ministry of Education, except for the retraining courses
offered to the unemployed jointly with the Ministry of Labour and Social
Protection for re-employment purposes. Other
forms of non-formal higher education Open education
institutions can be created with the Ministry of Education's consent for adult
education or for the attainment of specific goals. Open Distance Learning
courses lead to a final examination and graduation Certificate recognized by
the Ministry of Education and Research according to the Minister's Order no
3457/23.03.1998 NATIONAL BODIES Administration
& co-ordination: Responsible
authorities: Higher Education
Department, Ministry of Education and Research Head: Ecaterina Andronescu, Minister
of Education General
Berthelot 30 Tel: +40(1) 313-33-15 Fax: +40(1) 312-47-19 WWW: http://www.edu.ro Role of governing
body: Manages
the national educational system and can establish expert structures. Romanian Council of
Rectors Head: Sergiu T. Chiriacescu, President Administrative officer: Angelica
Vochin, Executive Secretary International relations: Angelica
Vochin, Executive Secretary Bulevardul
Eroilor 29 Tel: +40(68) 412-088 Fax: +40(68) 410-525 EMail: a.vochin@unitbv.ro WWW: http://www.unitbv.ro National Council for
Accreditation and Academic Evaluation Strada Schitu
Măgureanu 1 Tel: +40(1) 312-71-35 ADMISSIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION Admission
to non university higher education studies Name of
secondary school credential required: Diplomă de Bacalaureat Minimum
score/requirement: 6 For
entry to: all post-secondary schools Alternatives
to credentials: Certificate of graduated upper
secondary schools (minimum mark=5) Entrance
exams required: Students must sit for the
Examen de Admitere. A minimum mark of 5 is required for all post-secondary
schools. Admission
to university-level studies Name of
secondary school credential required: Diplomă de Bacalaureat Minimum
score/requirement: 6 For
entry to: Short- and long-term university education Entrance
exams required: Students must sit for the Examen de Admitere. A minimum mark of 5 is
required for all higher education institutions, except Fine Arts. Numerus
clausus/restrictions: The enrolment quota in free public university education
is set by Government decision every year on the basis of projects and of
proposals from the senates of higher education institutions. Foreign
students admission Definition
of foreign student: A foreign student is a student who does not have
Romanian citizenship, or lives abroad. Admission
requirements: Foreign students must hold the Baccalaureate or an equivalent
qualification. The equivalence must be validated by the Ministry of Education
of the student's country of origin and the Romanian Embassy. Students who wish
to study Architecture, Fine Arts, or Physical Education must sit for
competitive examinations. Entry
regulations: Students must hold a visa which is granted on presentation of the written
confirmation of their admission. Health
requirements: Health visa Language
requirements: Usually, students follow a preparatory course in Romanian. Also
accredited programmes in foreign languages. Application
procedures: Apply to
national body for entry to: All types of institutions and programmes. Apply
to: Department for
International Relations, Ministry of Education and Research 12, Spiru Haret Tel: +40(1) 313-10-13 Fax: +40(1) 312-66-14 Recognition
of studies & qualifications: Studies
pursued in home country (System of recognition/accreditation): All courses of
studies and credentials obtained from a Romanian state accredited higher
education institution are recognized by the State. Studies
pursued in foreign countries (bodies dealing with recognition of foreign
credentials): ENIC/NARIC, National
Centre for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas, Ministry of Education Head: Daniela Gîrbea, Director General
Berthelot 30 Tel: +40(1) 313-10-13 Fax: +40(1) 313-26-77 EMail: girbea@men.edu.ro Deals
with credential recognition for entry to: University and Profession Services
provided & students dealt with: Equivalence of studies pursued by the candidates
abroad; fixing the material conditions under which studies are to be carried
out; affiliation to & enrolment of candidates in different public
institutions; free medical control of the candidates. Special
provisions for recognition: For
access to advanced studies and research: Passing of an admission
colloquium Multilateral
agreements concerning recognition of foreign studies Name of
agreement: Unesco and Council of Europe Convention on the Recognition of
Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the Europe Region References
to further information on foreign student admissions and recognition of studies Title: Study in Romania: a
guide for foreigners (English, French) I and II Author: Romania. Ministry of
National Education Year of
publication: 2000 STUDENT LIFE Main
student services at national level Agenţia Socială a
Studenţilor Schitu Măgureanu, 1 Category
of services provided: Social and welfare services Services
available to foreign Students: Yes Health/social
provisions Social
security for home students: Yes Social
security for foreign students: Yes Special
student travel fares: By road:
Yes By rail:
Yes By air: No Available
to foreign students: No Student
expenses and financial aid Student
costs: Home
students tuition fees: Minimum: 0 (Leu) Maximum:
350000
(Leu) Foreign
students tuition fees: Minimum: 320 (US Dollar) Maximum:
760 (US
Dollar) Type of
financial aid available: Scholarships/grants/fellowships:
Higher
vocational/technical studies: Home: Yes Foreign:
Yes First
Degree studies: Home: Yes Foreign:
Yes Advanced/doctoral
studies: Home: Yes Foreign:
Yes Loans: Higher
vocational/technical studies: Home: Yes Foreign:
Yes First
degree studies: Home: Yes Foreign:
Yes Advanced/doctoral
studies: Home: Yes Foreign:
Yes Bodies
providing information on student financial aid: Department for
International Relations, Ministry of Education and Research 12, Spiru Haret Tel: +40(1) 313-10-13 Fax: +40(1) 312-66-14 Deals
with: Grants
and Loans Category
of students: Scholarships granted through bilateral agreements & international
organizations. Publications
on student services and financial aid: Title: Study Abroad
2000-2001 Publisher:
UNESCO/IBE Year of
publication: 1999 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & EXCHANGES Principal
national bodies responsible for dealing with international cooperation and
exchanges in higher education: Department for
International Relations, Ministry of Education and Research 12, Spiru Haret Tel: +40(1) 313-26-77 Fax: +40(1) 312-66-14 Participation
of country in multilateral or bilateral higher education programmes Name of
exchange programme: CEEPUS Name of
exchange programme: COPERNICUS Name of
exchange programme: EURECA Name of
exchange programme: LEONARDO Name of
exchange programme: PECO Name of
exchange programme: PHARE Name of
exchange programme: SOCRATES Name of
exchange programme: TEMPUS Name of
exchange programme: YOUTH FOR EUROPE GRADING SYSTEM Usual
grading system in secondary school Full
Description: A 10-point grading system is used in upper secondary school: 10 - 1. Highest
on scale: 10 Pass/fail
level: 5/4 Lowest
on scale: 1 Main
grading system used by higher education institutions Full
Description: A 10-point grading system is used in the higher education system: 10 -1. Highest
on scale: 10 Pass/fail
level: 5/4 Lowest
on scale: 1 Other
main grading systems A system of
transferable credits (ECTS/RCTS) has been introduced for the main universities
of Romania NOTES ON HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM Data for
academic year: 2001-2002 Source: National Centre for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas, Ministry of Education and Research, Bucharest, 2001 Copyright © International Associations of Universities |
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